Mounted police on horses also moved in to break up the demonstration on Sunday in a large square ringed by museums, including the Van Gogh Museum and Rijksmuseum.

Amsterdam municipality said riot police took action to disperse the crowd because people weren't adhering to social distancing measures.

"Because of the danger to public health, it is important that everybody sticks to the measures in force. The demonstrators are not doing that," the municipality said in a tweet.

By mid-afternoon, the square was empty apart from dozens of police, although some protesters remained in streets nearby.

The demonstration had been banned earlier in the week because of fears that too many people would attend and not stick to social distancing.

The protest in Amsterdam happened as ministers in the Netherlands' caretaker government were meeting in The Hague to discuss options to rein in the spread of the coronavirus, including the possibility of imposing a curfew for the first time since the pandemic began.

The government resigned on Friday following publication of a damning report into a scandal involving thousands of parents being falsely labelled fraudsters by tax officials, but the ministers are remaining in power until a new coalition is formed after a March 17 general election.

It comes in the days and weeks following similar protests in other European capitals, including Vienna, Prague and Copenhagen.

Australian Associated Press